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Remote Desktop Services (RDS) is the platform of choice for building virtualization solutions for every end customer need, including delivering individual virtualized applications, providing secure mobile and remote desktop access, and providing end users the ability to run their applications and desktops from the cloud. RDP service can be enabled on Windows Server 2019 from the PowerShell or through the Server console interface. Allowing Remote Desktop Service using PowerShell Allowing Remote Desktop Service on Windows Server 2019 is faster on PowerShell that the GUI procedure.
Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) is a proprietary protocol developed by Microsoft, which provides a user with a graphical interface to connect to another computer over a network connection. The user employs RDP client software for this purpose, while the other computer must run RDP server software.
Clients exist for most versions of Microsoft Windows (including Windows Mobile), Linux, Unix, macOS, iOS, Android, and other operating systems. RDP servers are built into Windows operating systems; an RDP server for Unix and OS X also exists. By default, the server listens on TCPport 3389[1] and UDP port 3389.[2]
Microsoft currently refers to their official RDP client software as Remote Desktop Connection, formerly 'Terminal Services Client'.
The protocol is an extension of the ITU-TT.128 application sharing protocol.[3]
- 1History
History[edit]
Every version of Microsoft Windows from Windows XP onwards[4] includes an installed Remote Desktop Connection (RDC) ('Terminal Services') client (mstsc.exe) whose version is determined by that of the operating system or by the last applied Windows Service Pack. The Terminal Services server is supported as an official feature on Windows NT 4.0 Terminal Server Edition, Windows 2000 Server, all editions of Windows XP except Windows XP Home Edition, Windows Server 2003, Windows Home Server, on Windows Fundamentals for Legacy PCs, in Windows Vista Ultimate, Enterprise and Business editions, Windows Server 2008 and Windows Server 2008 R2 and on Windows 7 Professional and above.[citation needed]
Microsoft provides the client required for connecting to newer RDP versions for downlevel operating systems. Since the server improvements are not available downlevel, the features introduced with each newer RDP version only work on downlevel operating systems when connecting to a higher version RDP server from these older operating systems, and not when using the RDP server in the older operating system.[clarification needed]
Version 4.0[edit]
Based on the ITU-T T.128 application sharing protocol (during draft also known as 'T.share') from the T.120 recommendation series, the first version of RDP (named version 4.0) was introduced by Microsoft with 'Terminal Services', as a part of their product Windows NT 4.0 Server, Terminal Server Edition. The Terminal Services Edition of NT 4.0 relied on Citrix's MultiWin technology, previously provided as a part of Citrix WinFrame atop Windows NT 3.51, in order to support multiple users and login sessions simultaneously. Microsoft required Citrix to license their MultiWin technology to Microsoft in order to be allowed to continue offering their own terminal-services product, then named Citrix MetaFrame, atop Windows NT 4.0. The Citrix-provided DLLs included in Windows NT 4.0 Terminal Services Edition still carry a Citrix copyright rather than a Microsoft copyright. Later versions of Windows integrated the necessary support directly. The T.128 application sharing technology was acquired by Microsoft from UK software developer Data Connection Limited.[5][6]
Version 5.0[edit]
This version was introduced with Windows 2000 Server, added support for a number of features, including printing to local printers, and aimed to improve network bandwidth usage.
Version 5.1[edit]
This version was introduced with Windows XP Professional and included support for 24-bit color and sound. The client is available for Windows 2000, Windows 9x, Windows NT 4.0.[7] With this version, the name of the client was changed from Terminal Services Client to Remote Desktop Connection; the heritage remains to this day, however, as the underlying executable is still named mstsc.exe.
Version 5.2[edit]
This version was introduced with Windows Server 2003, included support for console mode connections, a session directory, and local resource mapping. It also introduces Transport Layer Security (TLS) 1.0 for server authentication, and to encrypt terminal server communications.[8] This version is built into Windows XP Professional x64 Edition and Windows Server 2003 x64 & x86 Editions.
Version 6.0[edit]
This version was introduced with Windows Vista and incorporated support for Windows Presentation Foundation applications, Network Level Authentication, multi-monitor spanning and large desktop support, and TLS 1.0 connections.[9] Version 6.0 client is available for Windows XP SP2, Windows Server 2003 SP1/SP2 (x86 and x64 editions) and Windows XP Professional x64 Edition. Microsoft Remote Desktop Connection Client for Macintosh OS X is also available with support for Intel and PowerPC Mac OS versions 10.4.9 and greater.
Server 2012 can support RDC 6.0 or later.
Version 6.1[edit]
This version was released in February 2008 and is included with Windows Server 2008, as well as with Windows Vista Service Pack 1. The client is included with Windows XP SP3.[10] In addition to changes related to how a remote administrator connects to the 'console',[11] this version has new functionality introduced in Windows Server 2008, such as connecting remotely to individual programs and a new client-side printer redirection system that makes the client's print capabilities available to applications running on the server, without having to install print drivers on the server.[12][13]
Version 7.0[edit]
This version was released to manufacturing in July 2009 and is included with Windows Server 2008 R2, as well as with Windows 7.[14] With this release, also changed from Terminal Services to Remote Desktop Services. This version has new functions such as Windows Media Player redirection, bidirectional audio, multi-monitor support, Aero glass support, enhanced bitmap acceleration, Easy Print redirection,[15]Language Bar docking. The RDP 7.0 client is available on Windows XP SP3 and Windows Vista SP1/SP2 through KB969084.[16] RDP 6.1 client and RDP 7.0 client are not supported on Windows Server 2003 x86 and Windows Server 2003 / Windows XP Professional x64 editions. RDP 7.0 is also not supported on Windows Server 2008. RDP 7.0 clients also do not support connecting to terminal servers running Windows 2000 Server.[17]
Most RDP 7.0 features like Aero glass remote use, bidirectional audio, Windows Media Player redirection, multiple monitor support and Remote Desktop Easy Print are only available in Windows 7 Enterprise or Ultimate editions.[18][19]
Version 7.1[edit]
Release 7.1 of RDP was included with Windows 7 Service Pack 1 and Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1 in 2010. It introduced RemoteFX, which provides virtualized GPU support and host-side encoding.
Version 8.0[edit]
This version was released in Windows 8 and Windows Server 2012. This version has new functions such as Adaptive Graphics (progressive rendering and related techniques), automatic selection of TCP or UDP as transport protocol, multi touch support, DirectX 11 support for vGPU, USB redirection supported independently of vGPU support, etc.[20][21] A 'connection quality' button is displayed in the RDP client connection bar for RDP 8.0 connections; clicking on it provides further information about connection, including whether UDP is in use or not.[22]
![Server Server](/uploads/1/2/6/1/126158440/389728168.png)
The RDP 8.0 client and server components are also available as an add-on for Windows 7 SP1. The RDP 8.0 client is also available for Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1, but the server components are not. The add-on requires the DTLS protocol to be installed as prerequisite.[22] After installing the updates, for the RDP 8.0 protocol to be enabled between Windows 7 machines, an extra configuration step is needed using the Group Policy editor.[23]
A new feature in RDP 8.0 is limited support for RDP session nesting; it only works for Windows 8 and Server 2012 though, Windows 7 and Server 2008 R2 (even with the RDP 8.0 update) do not support this feature.[24]
The 'shadow' feature from RDP 7, which allowed an administrator to monitor (snoop) on a RDP connection has been removed in RDP 8. The Aero Glass remoting feature (applicable to Windows 7 machines connecting to each other) has also been removed in RDP 8.[21][22]
Version 8.1[edit]
This version was released with Windows 8.1 and Windows Server 2012 R2. A RDP 8.1 client update exists for Windows 7 SP1 as well, but unlike the RDP 8.0 update for Windows 7, it does not add a RDP 8.1 server component to Windows 7. Furthermore, if RDP 8.0 server function is desired on Windows 7, the KB 2592687 (RDP 8.0 client and server components) update must be installed before installing the RDP 8.1 update.[25][26]
Support for session shadowing was added back in RDP version 8.1. This version also fixes some visual glitches with Microsoft Office 2013 when running as a RemoteApp.[25]
Version 8.1 of the RDP also enables a 'restricted admin' mode. Logging into this mode only requires knowledge of the hashed password, rather than of its plaintext, therefore making a pass the hash attack possible.[27] Microsoft has released an 82-page document explaining how to mitigate this type of attack.[28]
Version 10.0[edit]
Version 10.0 of the RDP includes the following new features: AutoSize zoom (useful for HiDPI clients).[29]In addition graphics compression improvements were included utilizing H.264/AVC.[30]
Features[edit]
- 32-bit color support. 8-, 15-, 16-, and 24-bit color are also supported.
- 128-bit encryption, using the RC4 encryption algorithm, as of Version 6.[31]
- Audio Redirection allows users to process audio on a remote desktop and have the sound redirected to their local computer.
- File System Redirection allows users to use their local files on a remote desktop within the terminal session.
- Printer Redirection allows users to use their local printer within the terminal session as they would with a locally- or network-shared printer.
- Port Redirection allows applications running within the terminal session to access local serial and parallel ports directly.
- The remote computer and the local computer can share the clipboard.
Microsoft introduced the following features with the release of RDP 6.0 in 2006:
- Seamless Windows: remote applications can run on a client machine that is served by a Remote Desktop connection. It is available since RDP 6.[32]
- Remote Programs: application publishing with client-side file-type associations.
- Terminal Services Gateway: enables the ability to use a front-end IIS server to accept connections (over port 443) for back-end Terminal Services servers via an https connection, similar to how RPC over https allows Outlook clients to connect to a back-end Exchange 2003 server. Requires Windows Server 2008.
- Support for remoting the Aero Glass Theme (or Composed Desktop), including ClearType font-smoothing technology.
- Support for remoting Windows Presentation Foundation applications: compatible clients that have .NET Framework 3.0 support can display full Windows Presentation Foundation effects on a local machine.
- Rewrite of device redirection to be more general-purpose, allowing a greater variety of devices to be accessed.
- Fully configurable and scriptable via Windows Management Instrumentation.
- Improved bandwidth tuning for RDP clients.[citation needed]
- Support for Transport Layer Security (TLS) 1.0 on both server and client ends (can be negotiated if both parties agree, but not mandatory in a default configuration of any version of Windows).
- Multiple monitor support for allowing one session to use multiple monitors on the client (disables desktop composition)
Release 7.1 of RDP in 2010 introduced the following feature:
- RemoteFX: RemoteFX provides virtualized GPU support and host-side encoding; it ships as part of Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1.
Security issues[edit]
Version 5.2 of the RDP in its default configuration is vulnerable to a man-in-the-middle attack. Administrators can enable transport layer encryption to mitigate this risk.[33][34]
RDP sessions are also susceptible to in-memory credential harvesting, which can be used to launch pass the hash attacks.[citation needed]
In March 2012, Microsoft released an update for a critical security vulnerability in the RDP. The vulnerability allowed a Windows computer to be compromised by unauthenticated clients and computer worms.[35]
RDP client version 6.1 can be used to reveal the names and pictures of all users on the RDP Server (no matter which Windows version) in order to pick one, if no username is specified for the RDP connection.[citation needed]
In March 2018 Microsoft released a patch for CVE-2018-0886, a remote code execution vulnerability in CredSSP, which is a Security Support Provider involved in the Microsoft Remote Desktop and Windows Remote Management, discovered by Preempt.[36][37]
In May 2019 Microsoft issued a security patch for CVE-2019-0708 ('BlueKeep') a vulnerability which allows for the possibility of remote code execution and which Microsoft warned was 'wormable', with the potential to cause widespread disruption. Unusually, patches were also made available for several versions of Windows that had reached their end-of-life, such as Windows XP. No immediate malicious exploitation followed, but experts were unanimous that this was likely, and could cause widespread harm based on the number of systems that appeared to have remained exposed and unpatched.[38][39][40]
In July 2019, Microsoft issued a security patch for CVE-2019-0887, a RDP vulnerability that affects Hyper-V.[41]
Non-Microsoft implementations[edit]
There are numerous non-Microsoft implementations of RDP clients and servers that implement subsets of the Microsoft functionality. For instance, the open-source command-line client rdesktop is available for Linux/Unix and Microsoft Windows operating systems. There are many GUI clients, like tsclient and KRDC, that are built on top of rdesktop; CoRD is such a client for the Macintosh.
In 2009, rdesktop was forked as FreeRDP, a new project aiming at modularizing the code, addressing various issues, and implementing new features.[42] FreeRDP comes with its own command-line-client xfreerdp, which supports Seamless Windows in RDP6. There’s also a GTK-Application named Remmina.
An open-source implementation of a Remote Desktop Protocol server on Unix is FreeRDP and xrdp. The Windows' Remote Desktop Connection client can be used to connect to a server. Proprietary RDP client solutions such as rdpclient are available as a stand-alone application or embedded with client hardware.
A new access paradigm, browser-based access, has enabled users to access Windows desktops and applications on any RDP hosts, such as Microsoft Remote Desktop (RDS) Session Hosts (Terminal Services) and virtual desktops, as well as remote physical PCs.
There is also a so-called VRDP used in the VirtualBox virtual machine implementation by Oracle. This protocol is compatible with all RDP clients, such as that provided with Windows but, unlike the original RDP, can be configured to accept unencrypted and password unprotected connections, which may be useful in secure and trusted networks, such as home or office LANs. By default, Microsoft's RDP server refuses connections to user accounts with empty passwords (but this can be changed with the Group Policy Editor[43]). External and guest authorization options are provided by VRDP as well. It does not matter which operating system is installed as a guest because VRDP is implemented on the virtual machine (host) level, not in the guest system. The proprietary VirtualBox Extension Pack is required.
Patents[edit]
Microsoft requires third-party implementations to license the relevant RDP patents.[44] As of February 2014, the extent to which open-source clients meet this requirement remains unknown.
Use in cybercrime[edit]
Security researchers have reported that cybercriminals are selling compromised RDP servers on underground forums as well as specialized illicit RDP shops.[45][46] These compromised RDPs may be used as a 'staging ground' for conducting other types of fraud or to access sensitive personal or corporate data.[47] Researchers further report instances of cybercriminals using RDPs to directly drop malware on computers.[48]
See also[edit]
- SPICE and RFB protocol – other desktop remoting protocols
References[edit]
- ^'How to change the listening port for Remote Desktop'. Microsoft. January 31, 2007. Retrieved November 2, 2007. Microsoft KB article 306759, revision 2.2.
- ^'Service Name and Transport Protocol Port Number Registry'. Internet Assigned Numbers Authority. January 9, 2015. Retrieved January 13, 2015.
- ^'rdesktop: A Remote Desktop Protocol Client'. www.rdesktop.org.
- ^Microsoft. 'Connecting to another computer Remote Desktop Connection'. Retrieved December 22, 2012.
- ^'Metaswitch – History'. Network-technologies.metaswitch.com. Retrieved February 13, 2014.
- ^Implementing Collaboration Technologies in Industry, Bjørn Erik Munkvold, 2003; Chapter 7
- ^'Windows XP Remote Desktop Connection software [XPSP2 5.1.2600.2180]'. Microsoft.com. August 27, 2012. Retrieved March 11, 2014.
- ^'Configuring authentication and encryption'. January 21, 2005. Retrieved March 30, 2009. Microsoft Technet article
- ^'Remote Desktop Connection (Terminal Services Client 6.0)'. June 8, 2007. Retrieved June 20, 2007. Microsoft KB article 925876, revision 7.0.
- ^'Description of the Remote Desktop Connection 6.1 client update for Terminal Services in Windows XP Service Pack 2'. microsoft. Retrieved March 11, 2014.
- ^'Changes to Remote Administration in Windows Server 2008'. Terminal Services Team Blog. Microsoft. December 17, 2007. Retrieved February 10, 2008.
- ^'Terminal Services Printing'. TechNet – Windows Server 2008 Technical Library. Agozik-Microsoft. January 10, 2008. Archived from the original on January 21, 2014. Retrieved February 10, 2008.
- ^'Introducing Terminal Services Easy Print: Part 1 – Remote Desktop Services (Terminal Services) Team Blog – Site Home – MSDN Blogs'. Blogs.msdn.com. Retrieved February 13, 2014.
- ^'Remote Desktop Connection 7 for Windows 7, Windows XP & Windows Vista'. Terminal Services Team Blog. Microsoft. August 21, 2009. Archived from the original on August 27, 2009. Retrieved August 21, 2009.
- ^'Using Remote Desktop Easy Print in Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2'. Blogs.msdn.com. Retrieved March 11, 2014.
- ^'Announcing the availability of Remote Desktop Connection 7.0 for Windows XP SP3, Windows Vista SP1, and Windows Vista SP2'. Blogs.msdn.com. Archived from the original on March 8, 2010. Retrieved March 11, 2014.
- ^'Remote Desktop Connection Client 7.0 does not support accessing Windows 2000 servers'. Technet.microsoft.com. July 13, 2010. Retrieved March 11, 2014.
- ^'Aero Glass Remoting in Windows Server 2008 R2'. Blogs.msdn.com. Archived from the original on June 27, 2009. Retrieved March 11, 2014.
- ^'Remote Desktop Connection 7 for Windows 7, Windows XP & Windows Vista'. Blogs.msdn.com. Archived from the original on August 27, 2009. Retrieved March 11, 2014.
- ^'Windows Server 2012 Remote Desktop Services (RDS) – Windows Server Blog – Site Home – TechNet Blogs'. Blogs.technet.com. May 8, 2012. Retrieved February 13, 2014.
- ^ ab'How Microsoft RDP 8.0 addresses WAN, graphics shortcomings'. Searchvirtualdesktop.techtarget.com. Retrieved February 13, 2014.
- ^ abc'Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) 8.0 update for Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2'. Support.microsoft.com. Retrieved February 13, 2014.
- ^'Get the best RDP 8.0 experience when connecting to Windows 7: What you need to know – Remote Desktop Services (Terminal Services) Team Blog – Site Home – MSDN Blogs'. Blogs.msdn.com. Retrieved February 13, 2014.
- ^'Running a Remote Desktop Connection session within another Remote Desktop Connection session is supported with Remote Desktop Protocol 8.0 for specific scenarios'. Support.microsoft.com. November 2, 2012. Retrieved February 13, 2014.
- ^ ab'Update for RemoteApp and Desktop Connections feature is available for Windows'. Support.microsoft.com. February 11, 2014. Retrieved March 11, 2014.
- ^'Remote Desktop Protocol 8.1 Update for Windows 7 SP1 released to web – Remote Desktop Services (Terminal Services) Team Blog – Site Home – MSDN Blogs'. Blogs.msdn.com. Retrieved February 13, 2014.
- ^'New 'Restricted Admin' feature of RDP 8.1 allows pass-the-hash'. Labs.portcullis.co.uk. October 20, 2013. Retrieved March 11, 2014.
- ^'Mitigating Pass-the-Hash (PtH) Attacks and Other Credential Theft Techniques'. Microsoft.com. Retrieved March 11, 2014.
- ^'The Microsoft Platform: Remote Desktop Protocol 10, zoom option to support remoting into Windows 7 with hiDPI client'. Microsoft.com. Retrieved January 12, 2015.
- ^'Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) 10 AVC/H.264 improvements in Windows 10 and Windows Server 2016 Technical Preview'. Microsoft.com. Retrieved January 12, 2016.
- ^'Remote Desktop Protocol'. Microsoft. Retrieved March 30, 2009.
- ^'[MS-RDPERP]: Remote Desktop Protocol: Remote Programs Virtual Channel Extension'. Msdn.microsoft.com. Retrieved February 13, 2014.
- ^'National Vulnerability Database (NVD) National Vulnerability Database (CVE-2005-1794)'. Web.nvd.nist.gov. July 19, 2011. Retrieved February 13, 2014.
- ^'Configuring Terminal Servers for Server Authentication to Prevent 'Man in the Middle' Attacks'. Microsoft. July 12, 2008.
- ^'Microsoft Security Bulletin MS12-020 – Critical'. Microsoft. March 13, 2012. Retrieved March 16, 2012.
- ^'CVE-2018-0886 - CredSSP Remote Code Execution Vulnerability'. microsoft.com. Retrieved March 23, 2018.
- ^Karni, Eyal. 'From Public Key to Exploitation: How We Exploited the Authentication in MS-RDP'. Retrieved March 23, 2018.
- ^Cimpanu, Catalin. 'Even the NSA is urging Windows users to patch BlueKeep (CVE-2019-0708)'. ZDNet. Retrieved June 20, 2019.
- ^Goodin, Dan (May 31, 2019). 'Microsoft practically begs Windows users to fix wormable BlueKeep flaw'. Ars Technica. Retrieved May 31, 2019.
- ^Warren, Tom (May 14, 2019). 'Microsoft warns of major WannaCry-like Windows security exploit, releases XP patches'. The Verge. Retrieved June 20, 2019.
- ^Ilascu, Ionut (7 August 2019). 'Microsoft Ignored RDP Vulnerability Until it Affected Hyper-V'. Bleeping Computer. Archived from the original on 8 August 2019. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
- ^FreeRDP is a successor to rdesktop, a longtime-favored application for use on *nix systems to access Windows servers and workstations. The goal of FreeRDP is twofold: a more complete support of keyboard layouts; and support of newer Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) features found in the Windows 6.0(Vista/2008) & 6.1 (7/2008R2) environments.(from README)
- ^Bens, Jelle (January 31, 2010). 'Jelle Bens: Windows 7 RDP with blank password'. Jellebens.blogspot.ru. Retrieved March 11, 2014.
- ^'Remote Desktop Protocol Licensing Available for RDP 8'. Blogs.msdn.com. December 11, 2014. Archived from the original on February 8, 2018. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
- ^GReAT (June 15, 2016). 'xDedic – the shady world of hacked servers for sale'. SecureList. Retrieved December 15, 2018.
- ^Kremez, Vitali; Rowley, Liv (October 24, 2017). ''Ultimate Anonymity Services' Shop Offers Cybercriminals International RDP Servers'. Retrieved December 15, 2018.
- ^Bisson, David (July 19, 2018). 'Dark Web 'RDP Shops' Offer Access to Vulnerable Systems for as Little as $3'. Security Intelligence. Retrieved December 15, 2018.
- ^Ragan, Steve (July 19, 2018). 'Samsam infected thousands of LabCorp systems via brute force RDP'. CSO Online. Retrieved December 15, 2018.
External links[edit]
- Remote Desktop Protocol – from Microsoft's Developer Network
- Understanding the Remote Desktop Protocol – from support.microsoft.com
- MS-RDPBCGR: Remote Desktop Protocol: Basic Connectivity and Graphics Remoting Specification – from Microsoft's Developer Network
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Remote_Desktop_Protocol&oldid=917448122'
Other names | Terminal Services |
---|---|
Operating system | Microsoft Windows |
Service name | TermService |
Type | Remote desktop software |
Website | docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/remote/remote-desktop-services/welcome-to-rds |
Remote Desktop Services (RDS), known as Terminal Services in Windows Server 2008 and earlier,[1] Amharic keyboard for windows 10. is one of the components of Microsoft Windows that allow a user to take control of a remote computer or virtual machine over a network connection. RDS is Microsoft's implementation of thin client architecture, where Windows software, and the entire desktop of the computer running RDS, are made accessible to any remote client machine that supports Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP). User interfaces are displayed from the server onto the client system and input from the client system is transmitted to the server - where software execution takes place.[2] This is in contrast to application streaming systems, like Microsoft App-V, in which computer programs are streamed to the client on-demand and executed on the client machine.
RemoteFX was added to RDS as part of Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1.
- 2Server components
- 3Client software
Overview[edit]
RDS was first released as 'Terminal Server' in 'Windows NT Server 4.0 Terminal Server Edition' a stand-alone operating system including SP3 and fixes built in. Starting with Windows 2000, it was an optional role and became a mainstay of the Windows NT family of operating systems[3] and was improved with each version of Windows.[4] The rename to 'Remote Desktop Services' occurred with Windows Server 2008 R2[5] in 2009.
Windows includes three client components that use RDS:
- Remote Desktop Connection (RDC)
The first two are individual utilities that allow a user to take control of a remote computer over the network. In case of Remote Assistance, the remote user needs to receive an invitation and the control is cooperative. In case of RDC, however, the remote user opens a new session on the remote computer and has every power granted by its user account's rights and restrictions.[2][6][7] Fast User Switching allows users to switch between user accounts on the local computer without quitting software and logging out. Fast User Switching is part of Winlogon and uses RDS to accomplish its switching feature.[8][9] Third-party developers have also created client software for RDS. For example, rdesktop supports Unix platforms.
Windows Rdp Server Free
Although RDS is shipped with most editions of all versions of Windows NT since Windows 2000,[3] its functionality differs in each version. Windows XP Home Edition does not accept any RDC connections at all, reserving RDS for Fast User Switching and Remote Assistance only. Other client versions of Windows only allow a maximum of one remote user to connect to the system at the cost of the user who has logged onto the console being disconnected. Windows Server allows two users to connect at the same time. Hoyle chess download. This licensing scheme, called 'Remote Desktop for Administration', facilitates administration of unattended or headless computers. Only by acquiring additional licenses (in addition to that of Windows) can a computer running Windows Server service multiple remote users at one time and achieve virtual desktop infrastructure.[5][8]
For an organization, RDS allows the IT department to install applications on a central server instead of multiple computers.[10] Remote users can log on and use those applications over the network. Such centralization can make maintenance and troubleshooting easier. RDS and Windows authentication systems prevent unauthorized users from accessing apps or data.
Microsoft has a long-standing agreement with Citrix to facilitate sharing of technologies and patentlicensing between Microsoft Terminal Services and Citrix XenApp (formerly Citrix MetaFrame and Citrix Presentation Server). In this arrangement, Citrix has access to key source code for the Windows platform, enabling its developers to improve the security and performance of the Terminal Services platform. In late December, 2004 the two companies announced a five-year renewal of this arrangement to cover Windows Vista.[11]
Server components[edit]
The key server component of RDS is Terminal Server (
termdd.sys
), which listens on TCP port 3389. When a Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) client connects to this port, it is tagged with a unique SessionID and associated with a freshly spawned console session (Session 0, keyboard, mouse and character mode UI only). The login subsystem (winlogon.exe) and the GDI graphics subsystem is then initiated, which handles the job of authenticating the user and presenting the GUI. These executables are loaded in a new session, rather than the console session. When creating the new session, the graphics and keyboard/mouse device drivers are replaced with RDP-specific drivers: RdpDD.sys
and RdpWD.sys
. The RdpDD.sys
is the device driver and it captures the UI rendering calls into a format that is transmittable over RDP. RdpWD.sys
acts as keyboard and mouse driver; it receives keyboard and mouse input over the TCP connection and presents them as keyboard or mouse inputs. It also allows creation of virtual channels, which allow other devices, such as disc, audio, printers, and COM ports to be redirected, i.e., the channels act as replacement for these devices. The channels connect to the client over the TCP connection; as the channels are accessed for data, the client is informed of the request, which is then transferred over the TCP connection to the application. This entire procedure is done by the terminal server and the client, with the RDP mediating the correct transfer, and is entirely transparent to the applications.[12] RDP communications are encrypted using 128-bit RC4 encryption. Windows Server 2003 onwards, it can use a FIPS 140 compliant encryption schemes.[2]Once a client initiates a connection and is informed of a successful invocation of the terminal services stack at the server, it loads up the device as well as the keyboard/mouse drivers. The UI data received over RDP is decoded and rendered as UI, whereas the keyboard and mouse inputs to the Window hosting the UI is intercepted by the drivers, and transmitted over RDP to the server. It also creates the other virtual channels and sets up the redirection. RDP communication can be encrypted; using either low, medium or high encryption. With low encryption, user input (outgoing data) is encrypted using a weak (40-bit RC4) cipher. With medium encryption, UI packets (incoming data) are encrypted using this weak cipher as well. The setting 'High encryption (Non-export)' uses 128-bit RC4 encryption and 'High encryption (Export)' uses 40-bit RC4 encryption.[13]
Terminal Server[edit]
Terminal Server is the server component of Terminal services. It handles the job of authenticating clients, as well as making the applications available remotely. It is also entrusted with the job of restricting the clients according to the level of access they have. The Terminal Server respects the configured software restriction policies, so as to restrict the availability of certain software to only a certain group of users. The remote session information is stored in specialized directories, called Session Directory which is stored at the server. Session directories are used to store state information about a session, and can be used to resume interrupted sessions. The terminal server also has to manage these directories. Terminal Servers can be used in a cluster as well.[2]
In Windows Server 2008, it has been significantly overhauled. While logging in, if the user logged on to the local system using a Windows Server Domain account, the credentials from the same sign-on can be used to authenticate the remote session. However, this requires Windows Server 2008 to be the terminal server OS, while the client OS is limited to Windows Server 2008, Windows Vista and Windows 7. In addition, the terminal server may be configured to allow connection to individual programs, rather than the entire desktop, by means of a feature named RemoteApp. Terminal Services Web Access (TS Web Access) makes a RemoteApp session invocable from the web browser. It includes the TS Web Access Web Part control which maintains the list of RemoteApps deployed on the server and keeps the list up to date. Terminal Server can also integrate with Windows System Resource Manager to throttle resource usage of remote applications.[4]
Terminal Server is managed by the Terminal Server ManagerMicrosoft Management Console snap-in. It can be used to configure the sign in requirements, as well as to enforce a single instance of remote session. It can also be configured by using Group Policy or Windows Management Instrumentation. It is, however, not available in client versions of Windows OS, where the server is pre-configured to allow only one session and enforce the rights of the user account on the remote session, without any customization.[2]
Remote Desktop Gateway[edit]
The Remote Desktop Gateway service component, also known as RD Gateway, can tunnel the RDP session using a HTTPS channel.[14] This increases the security of RDS by encapsulating the session with Transport Layer Security (TLS).[15] This also allows the option to use Internet Explorer as the RDP client. The official MS RDP client for Mac OS X supports RD Gateway as of version 8. This is also available for iOS and Android.
This feature was introduced in the Windows Server 2008 and Windows Home Server products.
Roles[edit]
- Remote Desktop Gateway
- Enables authorized users to connect to virtual desktops, Remote-App programs, and session-based desktops over a private network or the Internet.
- Remote Desktop Connection Broker Role
- Allows users to reconnect to their existing virtual desktop, RemoteApp programs, and session-based desktops. It enables even load distribution across RD Session Host servers in a session collection or across pooled virtual desktops in a pooled virtual desktop collection, and provides access to virtual desktops in a virtual desktop collection.
- Remote Desktop Session Host
- Enables a server to host RemoteApp programs as session-based desktops. Users can connect to RD Session Host servers in a session collection to run programs, save files, and use resources on those servers. Users can access Remote Desktop Session Host server by using the Remote Desktop Connection client or by using RemoteApp programs.
- Remote Desktop Virtualization Host
- Enables users to connect to virtual desktops by using RemoteApp and Desktop Connection.
- Remote Desktop Web Access
- Enables users to access RemoteApp and Desktop Connection through the Start Menu or through a web browser. RemoteApp and Desktop Connection provides users with a customized view of RemoteApp programs, session-based desktops, and virtual desktops.
- Remote Desktop Licensing
- Enables a server to manage RDS client access licenses (RDS CALs) that are required for each device or user to connect to a Remote Desktop Session Host server. RDS CALs are managed using the Remote Desktop Licensing Manager application.[16]
RemoteApp[edit]
RemoteApp (or TS RemoteApp) is a special mode of RDS, available in Windows Server 2008 R2 and later, where remote session configuration is integrated into the client operating system. The RDP 6.1 client ships with Windows XP SP3, KB952155 for Windows XP SP2 users,[17] Windows Vista SP1 and Windows Server 2008. The UI for the RemoteApp is rendered in a window over the local desktop, and is managed like any other window for local applications. The end result of this is that remote applications behave largely like local applications. The task of establishing the remote session, as well as redirecting local resources to the remote application, is transparent to the end user.[18] Multiple applications can be started in a single RemoteApp session, each with their own windows.[19]
Rdp Windows Server 2019
A RemoteApp can be packaged either as a
.rdp
file or distributed via an .msi
Windows Installer package. When packaged as an .rdp
file (which contains the address of the RemoteApp server, authentication schemes to be used, and other settings), a RemoteApp can be launched by double clicking the file. It will invoke the Remote Desktop Connection client, which will connect to the server and render the UI. The RemoteApp can also be packaged in a Windows Installer database, installing which can register the RemoteApp in the Start menu as well as create shortcuts to launch it. A RemoteApp can also be registered as handler for file types or URIs. Opening a file registered with RemoteApp will first invoke Remote Desktop Connection, which will connect to the terminal server and then open the file. Any application which can be accessed over Remote Desktop can be served as a RemoteApp.[18]Windows 7 includes built-in support for RemoteApp publishing, but it has to be enabled manually in registry, since there is no RemoteApp management console in client versions of Microsoft Windows.[20]
Windows Desktop Sharing[edit]
In Windows Vista onwards, Terminal Services also includes a multi-party desktop sharing capability known as Windows Desktop Sharing. Unlike Terminal Services, which creates a new user session for every RDP connection, Windows Desktop Sharing can host the remote session in the context of the currently logged in user without creating a new session, and make the Desktop, or a subset of it, available over RDP.[21] Windows Desktop Sharing can be used to share the entire desktop, a specific region, or a particular application.[22] Windows Desktop Sharing can also be used to share multi-monitor desktops. When sharing applications individually (rather than the entire desktop), the windows are managed (whether they are minimized or maximized) independently at the server and the client side.[22]
The functionality is only provided via a public API, which can be used by any application to provide screen sharing functionality. Windows Desktop Sharing API exposes two objects:
RDPSession
for the sharing session and RDPViewer
for the viewer. Multiple viewer objects can be instantiated for one Session object. A viewer can either be a passive viewer, who is just able to watch the application like a screencast, or an interactive viewer, who is able to interact in real time with the remote application.[21] The RDPSession
object contains all the shared applications, represented as Application
objects, each with Window
objects representing their on-screen windows. Per-application filters capture the application Windows and package them as Window
objects.[23] A viewer must authenticate itself before it can connect to a sharing session. This is done by generating an Invitation
using the RDPSession
. It contains an authentication ticket and password. The object is serialized and sent to the viewers, who need to present the Invitation
when connecting.[21][23]Windows Desktop Sharing API is used by Windows Meeting Space and Windows Remote Assistance for providing application sharing functionality among network peers.[22]
Client software[edit]
Remote Desktop Connection[edit]
Remote Desktop Connection client on Windows 8 | |
Operating system | Microsoft Windows |
---|---|
Type | Remote desktop software |
Website | docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/remote/remote-desktop-services/welcome-to-rds |
Remote Desktop Connection client on Mac OS X
Remote Desktop Connection (RDC, also called Remote Desktop, formerly Microsoft Terminal Services Client, mstsc or tsclient)[24][25] is the client application for RDS. It allows a user to remotely log into a networked computer running the terminal services server. RDC presents the desktop interface (or application GUI) of the remote system, as if it were accessed locally.[2] In addition to regular username/password for authorizing for the remote session, RDC also supports using smart cards for authorization.[2] With RDC 6.0, the resolution of a remote session can be set independently of the settings at the remote computer.
With version 6.0, if the Desktop Experience component is plugged into the remote server, remote application user interface elements (e.g., application windows borders, Maximize, Minimize, and Close buttons etc.) will take on the same appearance of local applications. In this scenario, the remote applications will use the Aero theme if the user connects to the server from a Windows Vista machine running Aero.[4] Later versions of the protocol also support rendering the UI in full 32-bit color, as well as resource redirection for printers, COM ports, disk drives, mice and keyboards. With resource redirection, remote applications can use the resources of the local computer. Audio is also redirected, so that any sounds generated by a remote application are played back at the client system.[2][4] Moreover, a remote session can also span multiple monitors at the client system, independent of the multi-monitor settings at the server. RDC can also be used to connect to Windows Media Center (WMC) remote sessions; however, since WMC does not stream video using RDP, only the applications can be viewed this way, not any media.
RDC prioritizes UI data as well as keyboard and mouse inputs, as opposed to print jobs or file transfers. so as to make the applications more responsive. It redirects plug and play devices such as cameras, portable music players, and scanners, so that input from these devices can be used by the remote applications as well.[4] RDC can also be used to connect to computers which are exposed via Windows Home Server RDP Gateway over the Internet.[26] Finally, RDC can be used to reboot the remote computer with the Ctrl+Alt+End key combination.
Other clients[edit]
Microsoft produce an official client for OSX:
- Microsoft Remote Desktop for Mac
There have been numerous non-Microsoft implementations of clients that implement subsets of the Microsoft functionality for a range of platforms. These include:
Rdp Server Windows 10
- rdesktop, for Linux/Unix and Microsoft Windows
- tsclient, for Linux, now discontinued
- Remmina, for Linux
- CoRD, for the Apple Macintosh
See also[edit]
- Microsoft NetMeeting, a discontinued Microsoft product also provides Shared-desktop feature, in the similar time-frame of Windows NT Terminal Services Edition
Windows Server Rdp Black Screen
References[edit]
- ^'Windows Remote Desktop Services spotlight'. Retrieved 2010-11-18.
- ^ abcdefgh'Technical Overview of Terminal Services in Windows Server 2003'. Retrieved 2007-07-23.[dead link]
- ^ ab'Remote Desktop Connection'. PC World. IDG. 17 August 2011.
- ^ abcde'Whats new in Terminal Services in Windows Server 2008'. Retrieved 2007-07-23.
- ^ abRussel, Charlie; Zacker, Craig (2009). '4: Remote Desktop Services and VDI: Centralizing Desktop and Application Management'(PDF). Introducing Windows Server 2008 R2. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Press. Retrieved 11 January 2014.
- ^'How to change the listening port for Remote Desktop'. Retrieved 2010-11-18.
- ^'Frequently Asked Questions about Remote Desktop'. Retrieved 2007-07-23.
- ^ abRussinovich, Mark; Solomon, David A.; Ionescu, Alex (2012). Windows Internals (6th ed.). Redmond, WA: Microsoft Press. pp. 20–21. ISBN978-0-7356-4873-9.
- ^'Architecture of Fast User Switching'. Support. Microsoft. 15 January 2006. Retrieved 11 January 2014.
- ^'Remote Services'. Log me in 123.
- ^'Citrix and Microsoft Sign Technology Collaboration and Licensing Agreement'. Citrix. 2004-12-21. Archived from the original on 2011-07-05. Retrieved 2012-04-13.
- ^'How Terminal Services Works'. Microsoft. 2003-03-28. Retrieved 2007-07-23.
- ^'Connection Configuration in Terminal Server'. Support (5.0 ed.). Microsoft. 22 June 2014.
- ^'Terminal Services Gateway (TS Gateway)'. Microsoft TechNet. Retrieved 2009-09-10.
- ^'Remote Desktop Protocol'. Microsoft Developer Network (MSDN). Retrieved 2009-09-10.
- ^TechNet: Remote Desktop Licensing
- ^'Description of the Remote Desktop Connection 6.1 client update for Terminal Services in Windows XP Service Pack 2'. Retrieved 2010-11-18.
- ^ ab'Terminal Services RemoteApp (TS RemoteApp)'. Retrieved 2007-07-23.
- ^'Terminal Services RemoteApp Session Termination Logic'. Retrieved 2007-10-02.
- ^'How to enable RemoteApp (via RDP 7.0) within VirtualBox or VMWare running Windows 7, Vista SP1+ or Windows XP SP3'. Retrieved 2010-11-18.
- ^ abc'Windows Desktop Sharing'. Retrieved 2007-10-11.
- ^ abc'Windows Desktop Sharing API'. Retrieved 2007-10-11.
- ^ ab'About Windows Desktop Sharing'. Retrieved 2007-10-11.
- ^'Why doesn't the New Folder command work in the root of a redirected drive resource in a Remote Desktop session?'. The Old New Thing. Microsoft. 17 December 2013. Retrieved 18 December 2013.
- ^Savill, John (1 October 2008). The Complete Guide to Windows Server 2008. Pearson Education. p. 1752. ISBN978-0-13-279758-0. Retrieved 1 June 2012.
Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista, and Windows Server 2008 all contain the RDC tool,
mstsc.exe
[..] MSTSC in the filenamemstsc.exe
stands for Microsoft Terminal Services Client. - ^'Remote Desktop Connection'. Remote Support.
Windows Server Rdp Session Limit
External links[edit]
Free Windows Rdp Server
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